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In Press
H.C. Siu, L.A. Stirling. The Teammate on Your Arm. Test Methods for Human-Robot Teaming Performance Evaluations, special issue of ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction. In press.
X. Peng, L. Stirling. (2024). Examination of Biofeedback to Support the Use of Upper-Extremity Exoskeletons Under Proportional Myoelectric Control. IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics. In Press.
2024
E. Nigrelli, L. Stirling, K. Sienko. A Preliminary Characterization of Physical Therapist Visual Behaviors During Standing Balance Tasks Using Eye Tracking. IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society, Orlando, Florida, USA, July 15-19, 2024.
J.Y. Kim, S.T. Chen, J. Hannan, H. Larson, H. Chung, T. Jain, M. Fields, S. Ulin, L. Stirling, X.J. Yang. ErgoNomiCs and Human-Automation iNteracTion (ENCHANT) Summer Camp (Evaluation). American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, Portland, OR, June 23 – 26, 2024.
X. Peng, S. Li, L. Stirling (2024). Improving Complex Task Performance in Powered Upper Limb Exoskeletons With Adaptive Proportional Myoelectric Control for User Motor Strategy Tracking. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 9(5): 4655-4662.
M.I. Wu, L. Stirling (2024). Emergent gait strategies defined by cluster analysis when using imperfect exoskeleton algorithms. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. 9(4), 3171-3178.
M.I. Wu, P. Stegall, H.C. Siu, L. Stirling (2024). Impact of Haptic Cues and an Active Ankle Exoskeleton on Gait Characteristics. Human Factors 66 (3), 904-915.
A.R. Allred, H. Weiss, T.K. Clark, L. Stirling (2024). An augmented reality hand-eye sensorimotor impairment assessment for spaceflight operations. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 95(2), 69-78.
H. Weiss, J. Tang, C. Williams, L. Stirling (2024). Performance on a target acquisition task differs between augmented reality and touch screen displays. Applied Ergonomics, 116, 104185.
B. Apodaca, E. Atkins, L. Stirling (2024). RRTZ: a Path Planner Designed for Zero Gravity. IEEE Aerospace Conference, March 2 – 9, 2024.
J. Hannan, G. Weiner, L. Stirling (2024). Applied forces and measured fatigue with varying mask hold during simulated neonatal face-mask positive pressure ventilation. Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Conference, May 3 – 6, 2024.
2023
G. Nguyen, K. King, L. Stirling. Telerehabilitation use and experiences in occupational and physical therapy through the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLOS ONE 18(11): e0291605.
H. Weiss, A. Liu, A. Byon, J. Blossom, L. Stirling. Comparison of Display Modality and Human-in-the-loop Presence for On-Orbit Inspection of Spacecraft. Human Factors 65(6), 1059-1073, 2023.
X. Peng, L. Stirling. Effects of Biofeedback on Muscle Effort Reduction when Holding Positions with a Powered Upper Limb Exoskeleton. 67th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, October 23 – 27, 2023.
J. Tang, H. Weiss, L. Stirling. A comparison of sensorimotor assessment accuracy between augmented reality and touchscreen environments. 67th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, October 23 – 27, 2023.
H. Larson, L. Stirling. Examination of human spatial reasoning capability and simulated autonomous rendezvous and docking monitoring performance. 67th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, October 23 – 27, 2023.
J. Hannan, G. Weiner, L. Stirling. Perceived usability of a live feedback interface for neonatal ventilation training. 67th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, October 23 – 27, 2023.
S. Lombardo, K. Arquilla, S. Israel, L. Stirling. An experimental evaluation of satellite data decision support system for flood mitigation efforts in Indonesia. 67th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, October 23 – 27, 2023.
C. Jeanniton, L. Stirling. A method of characterizing street crossing behavior for pedestrian and driver perspectives. 67th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, October 23 – 27, 2023.
B. Apodaca, E. Atkins, L. Stirling. Effect of Orbital Dynamics on Fuel Use in Sampling-based Plans for Proximity Operations. Working on “Assembling Large Infrastructures in Space Using Intelligent Robots” at the 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Detroit, MI, Oct. 1 – 5, 2023.
M. Wu, L. Stirling. Impact of Imperfect Exoskeleton Algorithms on Step Characteristics, Task Performance, and Perception of Exoskeleton Performance. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Detroit, MI, October 1 – 5, 2023.
S. Jabri, J. Hauth, W. Carender, L. Ojeda, L. Stirling, J. Wiens, X. Huan, K.H. Sienko. Development of an Automatic Balance Intensity Evaluation System using Wearable IMUs. 9th International Posture Symposium 2023, Smolenice Castle, Slovak Republic, Septe,ber 10 – 13 2023.
S. Jabri, W. Carender, L. Stirling, K.H. Sienko. Physical Therapists’ Rationales When Rating Balance Exercise Intensity. International Society of Posture and Gait Research (ISPGR) World Congress, Brisbane, Australia, July 9–13, 2023.
J. Hannan, G. Weiner, L. Stirling. Applied forces during simulated neonatal face-mask positive pressure ventilation. Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Conference, April 27 – May 1, 2023.
H. Weiss, L. Stirling. Usability Evaluation of an Augmented Reality Sensorimotor Assessment Tool for Astronauts. IEEE Aerospace, March 4 – 11, 2023.
P.S. Pridham, L. Stirling. Ankle exoskeleton torque controllers based on soleus muscle models. PLOS ONE 18(2): e0281944, 2023.
A. Gupta, D.G. Kelty-Stephen, M. Mangalam, R.J. McKindles, L. Stirling. Walking speed and dual task input modality impact performance on a self-paced treadmill. Applied Ergonomics 129: 103986, 2023.
2022
B. R. Brisbine, C. R. Radcliffe, M.L. Jones, L. Stirling, C.E. Coltman. Does the fit of personal protective equipment affect functional performance? A systematic review across occupational domains. PLOS ONE, 17(11), p.e0278174, 2022.
J. Hannan, G. Weiner, L. Stirling. Contextualizing Applied Interaction Pressure Data During Simulated Neonatal Ventilation. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, October 9 – 13, 2022.
A.M. Liu, H. Weiss, L. Stirling. Effects of Visual Display Modality on Simulated On-Orbit Inspection Performance: Initial Results from Human Exploration Research Analog Campaign 6. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, October 9 – 13, 2022.
M. Wu, B. Baum, H. Edwards, L. Stirling. Users Maintain Task Accuracy and Gait Characteristics During Missed Exoskeleton Actuations Through Adaptations in Joint Kinematics. 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, July 11 – 15, 2022.
H. Weiss, L. Stirling. Methods for Evaluating Neurovestibular and Sensorimotor Performance using Augmented Reality and Wearable Sensors. Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Annual Conference. July 24 – 28, 2022.
K. King, S. Gonzalez, L. Stirling. Assessing the Effect of a Powered Ankle Exoskeleton on Human Agility with Inertial Measurement Units. Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Annual Conference. July 24 – 28, 2022.
A. Boppana, S.T. Priddy, L. Stirling, A. Anderson. Challenges in Quantifying Heel-Lift during Spacesuit Gait. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, 93(8): 643-648, 2022.
M.T. Valovska, G. Gomez, R. Fineman, W. Woltmann, L. Stirling, D.A. Wollin. Analysis of Flexible Ureteroscopic Motion and Kinematic Efficiency–a Simulation-based Pilot Study. Journal of Endourology, (ja), 36(6):855-861, 2022.
X. Peng, Y. Acosta-Sojo, M. Wu, L. Stirling. Actuation Timing Perception of a Powered Ankle Exoskeleton and its Associated Ankle Angle Changes During Walking. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 30: 869 – 877, 2022.
S. Gonzalez, P. Stegall, S.M. Cain, H.C. Siu, L. Stirling. Assessment of a powered ankle exoskeleton on human stability and balance. Applied Ergonomics 103: 103768, 2022.
T. McGrath, L. Stirling. Body-Worn IMU-Based Human Hip and Knee Kinematics Estimation during Treadmill Walking. Sensors 22(7): 2544, 2022.
H. Weiss, A. Patel, M. Romano, B. Apodoca, P. Kuevor, E. Atkins, L. Stirling. Methods for Evaluation of Human-in-the-Loop Inspection of a Space Station Mockup Using a Quadcopter. IEEE Aerospace Conference (2022).
A. Gupta, R. McKindles, L. Stirling. Alternative cue and response modalities maintain the Simon effect but impact task performance. Applied Ergonomics 100:103648, 2022.
Y. Acosta-Sojo, L. Stirling. Individuals Differ in Muscle Activation Patterns During Early Adaptation to a Powered Ankle Exoskeleton. Applied Ergonomics 98: 103593, 2022.
2021
R.V. Vitali, V.J. Barone, J. Ferris, L.A Stirling, K.H. Sienko. Effects of Concurrent and Terminal Visual Feedback on Ankle Co-Contraction in Older Adults during Standing Balance. Sensors 21(21), 7305, 2021.
X. Peng, Y. Acosta-Sojo, M. I. Wu, L. Stirling. Perception of Powered Ankle Exoskeleton Actuation Timing During Walking: A Pilot Study. 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, October 31 – November 4, 2021.
J. Sloboda, P. Stegall, R. McKindles, L. Stirling, H.C. Siu. Utility of Inter-subject Transfer Learning for Wearable-Sensor-Based Joint Torque Prediction Models. 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, October 31 – November 4, 2021.
A. Gupta, R. McKindles, L. Stirling. Metrics for quantifying cognitive factors that may underlie individual variation in exoskeleton use. 65th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, October 4 -7, 2021.
A. Gupta, R. McKindles, L. Stirling. Relationships between cognitive factors and gait strategy during exoskeleton-augmented walking. 65th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, October 4 -7, 2021.
Y. Acosta-Sojo, L. Stirling. Muscle Activation Differs Between Individuals During Initial Powered Ankle Exoskeleton Adaptation. 65th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, October 4 -7, 2021.
H.C. Siu, J. Sloboda, R.J. McKindles, L.A. Stirling. A Neural Network Estimation of Ankle Torques from Electromyography and Accelerometry. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 29: 1624 – 1633, 2021.
A. Liu, H. Weiss, J. Todd, L. Stirling. Evaluation of an Augmented Reality Interface to Control Teleoperated Satellites. Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA), August 29 – September 2, 2021, Denver, Colorado.
Y. Acosta-Sojo, A. Gupta, L. Stirling. Evaluating Relationships Between Stride Length and Ankle Dorsi/Plantarflexion Muscle Activity During Powered Ankle Exoskeleton Walking. In Proceedings of the 45th Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, August 10 – 13, 2021.
P. Stegall, L. Stirling. An Ankle Exoskeleton Controller Design Using Soleus Adenosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis Rate. In Proceedings of the 45th Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, August 10 – 13, 2021.
G. Nguyen, L. Stirling. Quantification of Compensatory Torso Motion in Post-Stroke Patients using Wearable Inertial Measurement Units. IEEE Sensors Journal 21(13): 15349-15360, 2021.
M. J. Miller, L. Stirling, R. Vitali, S. Murphy, K. J. Kim, C. W. Pittman, M. Miller, T. Graff. Scientific Physical and Operations Characterization (SPOC): Studying Scientists in the Wild to Inform Human Planetary Exploration Operations. Workshop on Terrestrial Analogs for Planetary Exploration, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), June 16-18, 2021.
H. Weiss, A. Liu, L. Stirling. Opportunities for Augmented Reality and Wearables to Support Humans in Space. SpaceCHI Workshop, ACM CHI, May 14, 2021.
A. Thuro, L.Stirling. Characterization of the Apollo Astronaut Lunar Extravehicular Falls and Near-Falls. IEEE Aerospace, March 6 – 13, 2021.
T. McGrath, M. Miller, L. Stirling. Characterization of Human and Spacesuit Joint Deviations from Body-Worn Inertial Measurement Units. IEEE Aerospace, March 6 – 13, 2021.
S.P. Davidson, S.M. Cain, L. Ojeda, A.M. Zaferiou, R.V. Vitali, L.A. Stirling, N.C. Perkins. Quantifying warfighter performance during a bounding rush (prone-sprinting-prone) maneuver. Applied Ergonomics, 94: 103382, 2021.
S. Gonzalez, P. Stegall, H. Edwards, L. Stirling, H.C. Siu. Ablation Analysis to Select Wearable Sensors for Classifying Standing, Walking, and Running. Sensors 21,194, 2021.
H. Weiss, A. Liu, L. Stirling. Comparison of display modality for telerobotic on-orbit inspection of a spacecraft. NASA Human Research Program Investigators’ Workshop, Galveston, TX, February 1 – 4, 2021.
2020
P. McKeen, C. Cullinane., R. Rhodes, L. Stirling. Analysis of the Relationship Between Hip Joint Flexion/Extension and Torques in the Mark III Space Suit using a Computational Dynamics Model. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020.
T. McGrath, L. Stirling. Body-Worn IMU Human Skeletal Pose Estimation Using a Factor Graph-Based Optimization Framework. Sensors 20: 6887, 2020.
B. Fogelson, L. Stirling, H. Siu. Anticipation of Speed Transitions Using Electromyography. IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BIOROB), Nov. 29 – Dec. 2, 2020.
H.C. Siu, J. Sloboda, R.J. McKindles, L.A. Stirling. Ankle Torque Estimation During Locomotion From Surface Electromyography and Accelerometry. IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BIOROB), Nov. 29 – Dec. 2, 2020.
H.C. Siu, J. Sloboda, P. Stegall, L. Stirling, R.J. McKindles. Movement Prediction for Exoskeleton Control. Military Health System Research Symposium, Kissimmee, FL, August 24 – 27, 2020.
S. Holder, L. Stirling. Effect of Gesture Interface Mapping on Controlling a Multi-degree-of-freedom Robotics Arm in a Complex Environment. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, October 5 – 9, 2020.
K.A. Burkhart, D.E. Anderson, L. Stirling. Estimating Compressive Spinal Loads due to Planetary Space Suits. International Conference on Environmental Systems, July 2020.
S. Lombardo, S. Jacobs, K. Duda, L. Stirling. Evaluating the Effect of Spacesuit Glove Fit on Dexterity and Cognitive Task Performance. International Conference on Environmental Systems, July 2020.
J.E. Todd, A.M. Liu, L.A. Stirling. Investigation of augmented reality in enabling telerobotic on-orbit inspection of spacecraft. International Conference on Environmental Systems, July 2020.
R.V. Vitali, M.J. Miller, L.A. Stirling. Methodology for the Scientific Physical and Operations Characterization (SPOC) of Terrestrial Fieldwork. International Conference on Environmental Systems, July 2020.
B. Bequette, E. Jones, A. Norton, L. Stirling. Physical and Cognitive Load Effects Due to a Powered Lower-Body Exoskeleton. Human Factors 62(3): 411-423, 2020.
L. Stirling, D. Kelty-Stephen, R. Fineman, M. Jones, B.K.D. Park, M.P. Reed, J. Parham, H.J. Choi. Static, Dynamic, and Cognitive Fit of Exosystems for the Human Operator. Human Factors 62(3): 424-440, 2020.
S. Lombardo, K. Duda, L. Stirling. Evaluating the Effect of Spacesuit Glove Fit on Functional Tactility Task Performance. IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, Montana, March 7 – 14, 2020.
P. McKeen, L. Stirling. Tradespace Exploration of Geometry for a Spacesuit Hip Bearing Assembly. IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, Montana, March 7 – 14, 2020.
T. McGrath, R. Vitali, M. Miller, L. Stirling. Assessing Operator Kinematics and Injury Risk in situ using State-of-the-art IMU-based Motion Capture Techniques. NASA Extravehicular Activity Workshop, Houston, TX, February 18 – 20, 2020.
L. Stirling, R. Fineman, D. Kelty-Stephen. Cognitive Fit of Exosystems for the Human Operator. 5th International Congress on Soldiers’ Physical Performance, Quebec City, Canada, February 11 – 14, 2020.
M.P. O’Donovan, A. Gupta, K. Gregorczyk, A. Rodriguez, H. Edwards, K. Loverro, R. McKindles, Leia Stirling. Characterizing Human Motor Adaptation to an Ankle Exoskeleton System. 5th International Congress on Soldiers’ Physical Performance, Quebec City, Canada, February 11 – 14, 2020.
J. Milton, C.L. Hancock, L. Hasselquist, L. Stirling. Distinguishing Live-Fire Marksmanship Stability and Efficiency between Novices and Experts through Body-Worn Sensors. 5th International Congress on Soldiers’ Physical Performance, Quebec City, Canada, February 11 – 14, 2020.
M.L.H. Jones, J. Parham, H.J. Choi, L. Stirling, B.K.D. Park, M.P. Reed. Static and Dynamic Fit of Exosystems for the Human Operator. 5th International Congress on Soldiers’ Physical Performance, Quebec City, Canada, February 11 – 14, 2020.
R. Vitali, M. Miller, L. Stirling. Scientific Physical and Operations Characterization (SPOC)—Capturing Physical Terrestrial Fieldwork in Context. NASA Human Research Program Investigators’ Workshop, Galveston, TX, January 27 – 30, 2020.
J. Todd, A. Liu, L. Stirling. Investigation of Augmented Reality in Enabling Telerobotic On-Orbit Inspection of Spacecraft. NASA Human Research Program Investigators’ Workshop, Galveston, TX, January 27 – 30, 2020.
2019
C. Gonçalves, A. Ferreira-da-Silva, R. Simoes, J. Gomes, L. Stirling, B. Holschuh. Design and Characterization of an Active Compression Garment for the Upper Extremity. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 24(4): 1464-1472, 2019.
S. Lombardo, R. Fineman, T. McGrath, L. Stirling. Evaluating Human Dynamic Fit within the EMU During an Upper Body Cycle Ergometer Task. In International Conference on Environmental Systems. Boston, MA, 2019.
A. Gagnon, N. Meirhaeghe, R. Bellisle, J. Qua, F. Ward, L. Stirling. Effects of vestibular cues on motor generalization of memorized sequences of actions in trained and untrained body postures. In International Conference on Environmental Systems. Boston, MA, 2019.
L. Stirling, P. Arezes, A. Anderson. Implications of Spacesuit Injury Risk for Developing Computational Performance Models. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 90, no. 6 (2019): 553-565.
L. Stirling, H.C. Siu, E. Jones, K. Duda. Human Factors Considerations for Enabling Functional Use of Exosystems in Operational Environments. IEEE Systems Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 1072-1083.
M.J. Miller, C. W. Pittman, T. G. Graf, M. J. Miller, A. Abercromby, J. Norcross, E. Benson, H. Kim, A. Garbino, J. Dunn, S.P. Chappell, K.H. Beaton, K.J. Kim, M. Schubert, L.A. Stirling, T. McGrath, G. Nguyen, D. Coan, J.S. Cupples. Scientific Physical and Operations Characterization (SPOC) – Capturing Terrestrial Fieldwork in Context. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. The Woodlands, TX, 2019.
G. Nguyen, R. Fineman, J. MacLean, L. Stirling. Using Wearable Sensors to Quantify Torso Compensatory Motion in Post-Stroke Patients During Occupational Therapy. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Conference. Berlin, Germany, 2019.
A. Gupta, H.M. Edwards, III, A. Rodriguez, M.P. O’Donovan, K.N. Gregorcyk, R.J. McKindles, L.A. Stirling. Predicting individualized human-exoskeleton adaptability from baseline sensorimotor and cognitive factors. In National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA) 2019 Human Systems Conference. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 2019.
R.V. Vitali, S.M. Cain, L.V. Ojeda, M.V. Potter, A.M. Zaferiou, S.P. Davidson, M. Coyne, C.L. Hancock, A. Mendoza, L. Stirling, N.C. Perkins. Body-worn IMU Array Reveals Effects of Load on Performance in an Outdoor Obstacle Course. PLOS ONE 14, no. 3 (2019): e0214008.
2018
H.C. Siu, A.M. Arenas, T. Sun, L.A. Stirling. Implementation of a surface electromyography-based upper extremity exoskeleton controller using learning from demonstration. Sensors 48 (2018): 467.
A. Tammana, C. McKay, S.M. Cain, S.P. Davidson, R.V. Vitali, L. Ojeda, L. Stirling, N.C. Perkins. Load-Embedded Inertial Measurement Unit Reveals Lifting Performance. Applied Ergonomics 70 (2018): 68-76.
A. Gupta, R. McKindles, L. Stirling. Quantification of human cognitive and motor abilities to understand variability in human-exoskeleton adaptation. In Society for Neuroscience Annual Conference. San Diego, CA, 2018.
B. Bequette, A. Norton, E. Jones, L. Stirling. The Effect of a Powered Lower-Body Exoskeleton on Physical and Cognitive Warfighter Performance. In Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. Philadelphia, PA, 2018.
R. Fineman, T. McGrath, D. Kelty-Stephen, A. Abercromby, L. Stirling. Objective Metrics for Quantifying Fit and Performance in Spacesuit Assemblies. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 89(11): 985-995, 2018.
C. Joseph, L. Stirling. A comparison of motion path trajectories between reactive and planned agility. In International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics. Orlando, Florida, 2018.
R. Fineman, T. McGrath, L. Stirling. Development and Evaluation of Performance Metrics Quantifying Fit in Spacesuit Exo-Systems. In 89th Annual Meeting of the Aerospace Medicine Association (AsMA). Dallas, TX, 2018.
H.C. Siu, L. Stirling. Collaborative fluency and task performance with a learning upper-extremity exoskeleton. In NEC HFES Student Conference. Cambridge, MA, 2018.
B. Bequette, A. Norton, E. Jones, L. Stirling. The Effect of a Powered Lower-Body Exoskeleton on Physical and Cognitive Warfighter Performance, In National Defense Industrial Association 2018 Human Systems Conference. Springfield, VA, 2018.
R. Vitali, S. Cain, M. Potter, L. Ojeda, S. Davidson, A. Mendoza, L. Stirling, N. Perkins. Load Effects on Performance for Example Obstacles in an Outdoor Course, In 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics. Rochester, Minnesota, 2018.
P. McKeen, S. Jacobs, L. Stirling. Analysis of Human Postural Control in the Demonstrator Spacesuit. In International Conference on Environmental Systems. Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2018.
C. Joseph, A. Zaferiou, L. Ojeda, N. Perkins, L. Stirling. An Optimal Control Model for Assessing Human Agility Trajectories. In IEEE Aerospace Conference. Big Sky, Montana, 2018.
S. Cain, R. Vitali, M. Potter, S. Davidson, L. Ojeda, L. Stirling, N. Perkins. Activity Recognition for a Military-Style Obstacle Course Using Body-Worn IMUs. In 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics. Rochester, Minnesota, 2018.
R. Fineman, L. Stirling. Quantifying Technique-Based Performance Metrics During Static Balance Tasks. In Annual Gait and Clinical Movement Analysis Society Conference, 2018.
L. Stirling, C. Eke, S. Cain. Examination of the Perceived Agility and Balance During a Reactive Agility Task. PLoS ONE 13(6), 2018.
P. Dixon, L. Stirling, X. Xu, C. C. Chang, J. Dennerlein, J. Schiffman. Aging may negatively impact movement smoothness during stair negotiation. Human Movement Science 60 (2018): 78-86.
J. Schneider, A. Saenz-Otero, E. Klerman, L. Stirling. Strategy Development Pilot Study of Sleep-Restricted Operators using Small Satellites with Displays. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 89, no. 12 (2018): 1044.
T. McGrath, R. Fineman, L. Stirling. An Auto-Calibrating Knee Flexion-Extension Axis Estimator using Principal Component Analysis with Inertial Sensors. Sensors 18, no. 6 (2018).
P. Bujalski, J. Martins, L. Stirling. A Monte Carlo Analysis of Muscle Force Estimation Sensitivity to Muscle-Tendon Properties Using a Hill-Based Muscle Model. Journal of Biomechanics 79 (2018): 67-77.
A. Gibson, A. Webb, L. Stirling. Evaluation of a Visual-Tactile Multimodal Display for Surface Obstacle Avoidance During Walking. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 48(6): 604-613, 2018.
S. Hall, L. Stirling. Human-Machine Interface Degree of Freedom Effects on Performance in Space Telerobotics. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 89(12): 1022-1030, 2018.
2017
H.C. Siu, A. Arenas, T. Sun, L. Stirling. Implementation of an adaptive surface electromyography-based exoskeleton controller with k-nearest-neighbors classification. In International Symposium on Wearable and Rehabilitation Robotics (WeRob). Houston, TX, 2017.
R. Fineman, L. Stirling. Quantification and Visualization of Coordination during Non-Cyclic Upper Extremity Motion. Journal of Biomechanics 63 (2017): 82-91.
T. McGrath, L. Stirling. Calibration-free, online estimation of the knee flexion/extension axis using inertial measurement units. In IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). Vancouver, Canada, 2017.
R. Vitali, S. Cain, L. Stirling, N. Perkins. Assessing Performance Correlations Among Tasks in a Challenging Obstacle Course. In 41st Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics. Boulder, Colorado, 2017.
R. Fineman, A. Abercromby, A. Ross, L. Stirling. Cognitive Task Analysis of Mark III Fit Checks for the Development of Human-Spacesuit Performance Metrics. In International Conference on Environmental Systems. Charleston, South Carolina, 2017.
R. Fineman, C. Cullinane, A. Abercromby, L. Stirling. Performance Metrics for Quantifying Dynamic Fit in Spacesuit Exo-systems: A Pilot Study. In International Conference on Environmental Systems. Charleston, South Carolina, 2017.
C. Cullinane, R. Rhodes, L. Stirling. Mark III Planetary Suit: Follow-up Hip Brief Assembly Bearing Analysis. In International Conference on Environmental Systems. Charleston, South Carolina, 2017.
C. Eke, L. Stirling. Effect of rater expertise on subjective agility assessment. In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics. Los Angeles, CA, 2017.
C. Cullinane, R. Rhodes, L. Stirling. Implementation of a Mark III Computational Model to Decompose Hip Joint Torques. In Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace Medical Association. Denver, CO, 2017.
S. Hall, L. Stirling. Effect of Human-Machine Interface Degrees of Freedom on Performance in Space Telerobotics. In Aerospace Medicine Association 88th Annual Scientific Meeting. Denver, CO, 2017.
A. Gibson, A. Webb, L. Stirling. Analysis of a Wearable, Multi-modal Information Presentation Device for Obstacle Avoidance. In IEEE Aerospace Conference. Big Sky, Montana, USA: IEEE, 2017.
C. Eke, S. Cain, L. Stirling. Strategy Quantification using Body Worn Inertial Sensors in a Reactive Agility Task. Journal of Biomechanics 64 (2017): 219-225.
L. Ojeda, A. Zaferiou, S. Cain, R. Vitali, S. Davidson, L. Stirling, N. Perkins. Estimating Stair Running Performance using Inertial Sensors. Sensors 17(11): 2647, 2017.
C. Cullinane, R. Rhodes, L. Stirling. Mobility and Agility During Locomotion in the MARK III Space Suit. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 88(6): 589-596, 2017.
A. Zaferiou, L. Ojeda, S. Cain, R. Vitali, S. Davidson, L. Stirling, N. Perkins. Quantifying performance on an outdoor agility drill using footmounted inertial measurement units. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0188184, 2017.
2016
R. Fineman, L. Stirling. Quantification and Visualization of Upper Limb Joint Coordination During Non-Cyclic Motion. In Engineering the Upper Limb. London,UK: Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 2016.
C. Eke, L. Stirling. Agility Quantification Using Torso-Worn Inertial Sensors. In 40th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics. Raleigh, NC, 2016.
A. Zaferiou, L. Ojeda, S. Cain, R. Vitali, S. Davidson, L. Stirling, N. Perkins. Using Inertial Measurement Units Mounted on the Feet to Define Performance Metrics for an Outdoor Agility Drill. In 40th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics. Raleigh, NC, 2016.
A. Gibson, A. Webb, L. Stirling. User Abilities in Detecting Vibrotactile Signals on the Feet Under Varying Attention Loads. In Human Computer Interaction International (HCII). Toronto, CA, 2016.
C. Cullinane, R. Rhodes, L. Stirling. Mobility and Agility: Pilot Study Evaluation of Locomotion in the MIII Space Suit Assembly. In Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace Medical Association. Atlantic City, NJ, 2016.
J. Schneider, A. Saenz-Otero, L. Stirling. A Pilot Study of Fatigue and Situation Awareness During Simulated Small Satellite Operations. In Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace Medical Association. Atlantic City, NJ, 2016.
H.C. Siu, J. Shah, L. Stirling. Classification of Anticipatory Signals for Grasp and Release from Surface Electromyography. Sensors 16(11): 1782, 2016.
L. Stirling, J. MacLean. Roadmap for the Development of at-Home Telemonitoring Systems to Augment Occupational Therapy. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 46(4): 569-580, 2016.
D. Kelty-Stephen, L. Stirling, L. Lipsitz. Multifractal temporal correlations in circle-tracing behaviors are associated with executive function of rule switching. Psychological Assessment 28(2): 171-180, 2016.
2015
D. Kelty-Stephen, M. Qureshi-Ahmad, L. Stirling. Use of a Tracing Task to Assess Visuomotor Performance for Evidence of Concussion and Recuperation. Psychological Assessment 27(4): 1379-1387, 2015.
S. Hall, J. Hoffman, C. Assad, M. Wolf, L. Stirling. Intuitive Gesture Control for the ISS Space Station Remote Manipulator Arm. In International Astronautical Congress. Jerusalem, Israel, 2015.
M. Vanegas, L. Stirling. Characterization of inertial measurement unit placement on the human body upon repeated donnings. In IEEE Body Sensor Networks. Boston, MA, 2015.
N. Beckers, R. Fineman, L. Stirling. Anticipatory Signals in Kinematics and Muscle Activity During Functional Grasp and Release. In IEEE Body Sensor Networks. Boston, MA, 2015.
C. Cullinane, R. Rhodes, L. Stirling. Mark III Technology Demonstrator Suit: Hip Brief Assembly Bearing Analysis. In International Conference on Environmental Systems. Bellevue, WA, 2015.
N. Leveson, D. Montes, L. Stirling. Incorporating New Methods of Classifying Domain Information for Use in Safety Hazard Analysis. In International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Dayton, OH, 2015.
V. Unhelkar, C. Perez-D’Arpino, L. Stirling, J. Shah. Human-Robot Co-Navigation using Anticipatory Indicators of Human Walking Motion. In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). Seattle, WA, 2015.
L. Stirling, M. Qureshi-Ahmad, D. Kelty-Stephen, A. Correia. Examination of the Torque Required to Passively Palmar Abduct the Thumb CMC Joint in a Pediatric Population with Hemiplegia and Stroke. Journal of Biomechanics 48 (2015): 4246-4252.
2014
P. Maeder-York, T. Clites, E. Boggs, R. Neff, P. Polygerinos, D. Holland, L. Stirling, K. Galloway, C. Wee, C. Walsh. Biologically Inspired Soft Robot for Thumb Rehabilitation. Journal of Medical Devices 8(2): 020933, 2014.
P. Aubin, K. Petersen, H. Sallum, C. Walsh, A. Correia, L. Stirling. A pediatric robotic thumb exoskeleton for at-home rehabilitation: The Isolated Orthosis for Thumb Actuation. International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 7(3): 233-252, 2014.
Y. Menguc, Y.L. Park, H. Pei, D. Vogt, P. Aubin, E. Winchell, L. Fluke, L. Stirling, R.J. Wood, C. Walsh. Wearable Soft Sensing Suit for Human Gait Measurement. International Journal of Robotics Research 33(14): 1748-1764, 2014.
Y.L. Park, B.R. Chen, N. Perez-Arancibia, D. Young, L. Stirling, R.J. Wood, E. Goldfield, R. Nagpal. Design and control of a bio-inspired soft wearable robotic device for ankle-foot rehabilitation. Bioinspiration and Biomimetics 9 (2014): 016007.
2013
Y. Menguc, Y.L. Park, E. Martinez-Villalpando, P. Aubin, M. Zizook, L. Stirling, R.J. Wood, C. Walsh. Soft Wearable Motion Sensing Suit for Lower Limb Biomechanics Measurements. In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). Karlsruhe, Germany, 2013.
L. Stirling, M. Qureshi, D. Stephen, A. Goldberger, M. Costa. A Simple Tracing Task to Assess Visuomotor Performance. In Gait and Clinical Movement Analysis Society. Cincinnati, OH, 2013.
P. Aubin, H. Sallum, C. Walsh, A. Correia, L. Stirling. A pediatric robotic thumb exoskeleton for at-home rehabilitation: The Isolated Orthosis for Thumb Actuation (IOTA). In IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR). Seattle, WA, 2013.
M. Wehner, B. Quinlivan, P. Aubin, E. Martinez-Villalpando, M. Baumann, L. Stirling, K. Holt, R.J. Wood, C. Walsh. A lightweight soft exosuit for gait assistance. In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). Karlsruhe, Germany, 2013.
L. Stirling, J. Weatherly. Examining anticipatory turn signaling in typically developing 4-and 5-year-old children for applications in active orthotic devices. Gait & Posture 37(3): 349-353, 2013.
L. Stirling, L. Lipsitz, M. Qureshi, D. Kelty-Stephen, A. Goldberger, M. Costa. Use of a Tracing Task to Assess Visuomotor Performance: Effects of Age, Sex, and Handedness. Journals of Gerontology: Series A Biol Sci Med Sci 68(8): 938-945, 2013.
2012
E. Goldfield, Y.L. Park, B.R. Chen, W.H. Hsu, D. Young, M. Wehner, D. Kelty-Stephen, L. Stirling, M. Weinberg, D. Newman. Bio-Inspired Design of Soft Robotic Assistive Devices: The Interface of Physics, Biology, and Behavior. Ecological Psychology 24(4): 300-327, 2012.
2011
J. Weatherly, L. Stirling, R. Nagpal. Step Length and Width Before a Turn in Healthy Four- and Five-Year-Old Children. In Gait and Clinical Movement Analysis Society. Bethesda, MD, 2011.
Y.L. Park, B.R. Chen, D. Young, L. Stirling, R.J. Wood, E. Goldfield, R. Nagpal. Bio-inspired active soft orthotic device for ankle foot pathologies. In IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). San Francisco, CA, 2011.
L. Stirling, C.H. Yu, J. Miller, E. Hawkes, R.J. Wood, E. Goldfield, R. Nagpal. Applicability of shape memory alloy wire for an active, soft orthotic. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 20(4): 654-662, 2011.
2010
L. Stirling, C.H. Yu, J. Miller, R. J. Wood, E. Goldfield, R. Nagpal. Applicability of Shape Memory Alloy Wire for an Active, Soft Orthotic. In International Conference on Shape Memory Alloy and Supereleastic Technologies. Pacific Grove, CA, 2010.
E. Goldfield, R.J. Wood, D. Newman, E. Saltzman, K. Holt, M. Weinberg, L. Stirling, R.adhika Nagpal. Programmable Second Skin for Re-educating Injured Nervous Systems. In NSF Cyberphysical Systems Conference. Arlington, VA, 2010.
L. Stirling, K. Willcox, D. Newman. Development of a computation model for astronaut reorientation. Journal of Biomechanics 43(12): 2309-2314, 2010.
2009
C.H. Yu, R. Nagpal, R.J. Wood, L. Stirling. Self-organizing modular robots for collective actuation. In International Conference on Perception and Action. Minneapolis, MN, 2009.
V. Ivanova, L. Stirling, D. Newman. Educational 3D Visualization of Astronaut Motion in Microgravity. In Gordon Research Conference on Visualization in Science and Education. Oxford, UK, 2009.
L. Stirling, A. Anderson, D. Newman. On Iberall, Spacesuits, and Assistive Mobility Devices. In International Conference on Perception and Action. Minneapolis, MN, 2009.
D. Young, L. Stirling, S. Chamberlin, M. Weinberg. Inertial Sensing for Estimating Human Kinematics. In International Conference on Perception and Action. Minneapolis, MN, 2009.
L. Stirling, D. Newman, K. Willcox. Self-rotations in simulated microgravity: performance effects of strategy training. Aviation Space & Environmental Medicine 80, no. 1 (2009): 5-14.
L. Stirling, K. Willcox, P. Ferguson, D. Newman. Kinetics and kinematics for translational motions in microgravity during parabolic flight. Aviation, Space, & Environmental Medicine 80, no. 6 (2009): 522-531.
2008
L. Stirling, M. Newman, V. Stolyar, P. Ferguson, D. Newman. Quantifying Astronaut Translational Motion During Parabolic Flight. In Aerospace Medical Association Annual Science Meeting. Boston, MA, 2008.
L. Stirling, D. Newman, K. Willcox. Astronaut Rotational Motion During Simulated Microgravity. In North American Congress on Biomechanics. Ann Arbor, MI, 2008.
2007
L. Stirling, K. Willcox, D. Newman. Development of Astronaut Orientation Strategies Using Optimization Methodologies. In ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics. Milano, Italy, 2007.
L. Stirling, A. Arsie, E. Frazzoli, K. Willcox, D. Newman. Application of quantized control to human self-rotation maneuvers in microgravity. In IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. New Orleans, LA, 2007.
2006
P. Ferguson, C. Krebs, L. Stirling, D. Newman. Kinetic and kinematic sensing system for the MICRO-G/adapt international space station experiment. In IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium. Houston, TX, 2006.
L. Blumenthal*, G. Busch, A. Broeren, M. Bragg. Issues in Ice Accretion Aerodynamic Simulation on a Subscale Model. In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Vol. 262. Reno, Nevada, 2006.
P. Ferguson, L. Stirling, K. Willcox, D. Metaxas, D. Newman. Modeling Strategies for Predicting and Measuring Astronaut Locomotor Control Adaptation. In Habitation Research and Technology Development. Orlando, FL, 2006.
L. Stirling, D. Newman. Microgravity Investigation of Crew Reaction in 0g (Adapt). In C-9 and Other Microgravity Simulations, Edited by Noel Skinner., 2006.
2005
M. Bragg, A. Broeren, L. Blumenthal*. Iced-airfoil aerodynamics. Progress in Aerospace Sciences 41 (2005): 323-362.
2003
M. Bragg, , A. Broeren, and L. Blumenthal*. Iced-airfoil and wing aerodynamics. In FAA In-flight Icing / Ground De-icing International Conference & Exhibition. SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-2098, 2003.
*Published under maiden name.